What is
pre-production?
Pre-production is the planning which is done before the
production takes place. It helps you understand what will need to be completed
within the production and gives a summary to those within the production
team. Pre-production contains; a
brainstorm, a crew list, a call sheet, a list of props, a risk assessment, a
recce/location, a script, legal and moral issues, a mood board, a proposal,
primary and secondary research. Each of these planning steps helps by making
the work of the production team easier.
Brainstorm: This is a
way for a group or an individual to get together and produce ideas or their
project. It is a creative technique which allows people to freely think of ideas
outside the box and move into new ideas whilst they are in the process. It also
helps to create the conclusion in which the discussion will be able to finalise
their thoughts.
Crew list: A crew list contains the crews (that will be
taking part) full name and form of contact so that other crew members have an
easier way to contact others if needed. It also allows others to know who they
will be working with.
Call sheet: A call sheet programmed by the assistant
director. It is given to the crew and cast to allow them to know where and when
they must be at the location they will be shooting at and who will need to
attend at that located time.
List of props: Props are objects that will be used on set by
actors during the production or on stage. Props can be anything such as,
scenery, costumes, items and electrical equipment.
Risk assessment: Risk assessments are a formal format which
allows you to analyse what potential risks may take place and helps you avoid
falling under any hazards which could potentially damage what has taken place
already.
Recce/location: The term recce is used in the media industry
(film productions, Television production, and radio) and is used to help the
crew visit the locations they will be shooting in and determine whether the locations
is suitable for their production and helps them to whilst they are location
scouting.
Script: A script is written text for films and plays
containing stage directions and dialogues. This is included in plays ad filming
to help the characters have a clear view of what they will be acting out
contains and helps the scenes flow smoothly as they are not improvised and all
characters know when they are queued to be on stage/set.
Legal and moral: When it comes down to the legal and moral
issues within the media industry. It depends on what your product is and where
they will be airing their product. For example, if a Cbeebies were going to try
creating a new TV show for children who watch Cbeebies they will have to pitch
it to one another and make sure the content inside is suitable for children who
are their target audience.
Legal and ethical
issues. ... Laws are in place to restrict journalists from reporting things
which may damage or harm other people or organisations. Ethics means doing what
is ethically and morally right, regardless of what the law might say. - http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/zyt282p/revision/2
Mood
board: A mood board contains pieces of materials and images to project to other
people what the production may look like and sell it to who they may be
pitching to. Although
mood boards seem to be easy they do take some time to create. You mst make sure
that what you are trying to portray is clear. You do not necessarily need to
explain what is going on with text on the mood board. But yu yourself need to
know what each part portrays so that you can easily explan it to those who may
not understand the full extent of what you are pitching.
Proposal:
A proposal shows your client that you know what needs to be included within
your production and to show them your targets that will be reached by the end
of the production.
Primary/Secondary research: Primary research is research
done by you or the company that you’ve hired to complete the assignment whether
it’s done by a focus group, survey, questionnaire, observations and
experiments. What is found within primary research can be either quantitative
data (statistics, numerals) or qualitative data (reasons and opinions from the
public). Primary research is beneficial as you are in control of the quality
and the specific needs that you are researching for. Although primary research
is simple and puts you in control there are many key disadvantages such as; it
usually cost more than secondary research and takes longer to find information.
Secondary research is done by someone else. It can also be either quantitative
or qualitative data, it’s cheaper and quick. However, the research may be too
old to be counted in your research therefore it isn’t reliable and it also
isn’t specific to your needs.
Financial considerations
Pay by Experience for a Film/TV Producer has a positive trend. An
entry-level Film/TV Producer with less than 5 years of experience can expect to
earn an average total compensation of ₤31,000 based on 55 salaries provided by
anonymous users. Average total compensation includes tips, bonus, and overtime
pay. A Film/TV Producer with mid-career experience which includes employees
with 5 to 10 years of experience can expect to earn an average total
compensation of ₤36,000 based on 38 salaries. An experienced Film/TV Producer
which includes employees with 10 to 20 years of experience can expect to earn
an average total compensation of ₤51,000 based on 22 salaries. A Film/TV
Producer with late-career experience which includes employees with greater than
20 years of experience can expect to earn an average total compensation of
₤55,000 based on 9 salaries.
Pay by
Experience for a Journalist has a positive trend. An entry-level Journalist
with less than 5 years of experience can expect to earn an average total compensation
of £21,000 based on 158 salaries provided by anonymous users. Average total
compensation includes tips, bonus, and overtime pay. A Journalist with
mid-career experience which includes employees with 5 to 10 years of experience
can expect to earn an average total compensation of £25,000 based on 62
salaries. An experienced Journalist which includes employees with 10 to 20
years of experience can expect to earn an average total compensation of £32,000
based on 39 salaries. A Journalist with late-career experience which includes
employees with greater than 20 years of experience can expect to earn an
average total compensation of £36,000 based on 28 salaries.
Pay by Experience for a
Photographer has a positive trend. An entry-level Photographer with less than 5
years of experience can expect to earn an average total compensation of ₤20,000
based on 129 salaries provided by anonymous users. Average total compensation
includes tips, bonus, and overtime pay. A Photographer with mid-career
experience which includes employees with 5 to 10 years of experience can expect
to earn an average total compensation of ₤22,000 based on 81 salaries. An
experienced Photographer which includes employees with 10 to 20 years of
experience can expect to earn an average total compensation of ₤30,000 based on
30 salaries. A Photographer with late-career experience which includes
employees with greater than 20 years of experience can expect to earn an
average total compensation of ₤30,000 based on 16 salaries.
Adobe creative cloud
Adobe
creative cloud is a well-known common way for people within businesses or
education or even alone to get software’s for their PCs and MACs, these
software’s include, illustrator, Photoshop, premiere, Lightroom, Dreamweaver
and InDesign.
For
individuals:
|
Individuals
|
Annual
- monthly
|
Annual
- prepaid
|
Monthly
|
|
Photographers
|
£10.10
pm
|
£120.64
|
-
|
|
Single
app
|
£20.22
pm
|
£241.43
|
£30.34 pm
|
|
All
apps
|
£50.57 pm
|
£603.78
|
£75.85
pm
|
|
All
apps + Stock
|
£74.56
pm
|
-
|
-
|
For
businesses:
|
|
All
apps
|
Single
App
|
|
Business
|
£59.00
pm
|
£25.28
pm
|
For schools
and universities:
|
Schools
and universities
|
All
apps
|
Single
App
|
|
Per
named-user license
|
£29.49 pm
|
£12.84
pm
|
|
Per
device license
|
£252.96
per year
|
£131.904
per year
|
Funding:
Different
companies get their funding for their productions in many different ways for
example, The BFI institute which is an organisation for films in the UK receive
a wide range of support from the lottery which helps with their funding for
documentaries, production, development, completion, and international
co-production. However, the BBC is a public service broadcaster with no
commercials within intervals therefore they earn their funding from taxes from
the public which helps towards their films, TV programmes, radio stations, and
theatre. Channel 4 which is also a national production aired in the UK is publicly-owned
and includes commercials. They earn their funding through commercials that are
shown during intervals as they advertise different companies and targeting
their target audiences.
Time management:
Time
management is an important part which will need to be documented for the use of
the production. It is essential as there is always a budget for productions.
For example; if I was to create a song within a music studio and had the budget
of £150 for my production and the payment for the studio is £50 per hour, I
will make sure that I use the studio for only 3 hours. This is because if I go over
the time limit I may be forced to go over my budget and pay more than I
originally wanted to pay.
Facilities:
To create a
media production, you will need to be able to have equipment which will help
you complete the production and you will also need software facilities to
create your final product. For example, the equipment needed for a music video
is;
·
Digital
camcorders
·
Digital
stills cameras
·
Tripods
·
Digital
audio recording equipment
·
Audio
playback equipment
·
Video
playback equipment
This will be
handy for the camera crew to be able to make the music video visuals for the
audience to see. Software applications needed for a music video includes;
·
Final
cut pro
·
Logics
pro X
·
Ableton
Live
·
Pro
tools
This will
allow you to edit your music video allowing it to have the best audio and
visuals to be appealing to the audience.
Locations:
It refers to
a pre-filming visit to a location to determine its suitability for shooting,
including access to necessary facilities and assessment of any potential
lighting or sound issues, and is closely related to location scouting. The term
'recce' is also used in radio and TV production. A Location manager needs to
research, identify and organise access to appropriate sites. As well as
arranging and negotiating site use, the role usually includes managing sites
throughout the shooting process.
Codes of practice:
A model
release form is a legal document between you, the photographer and the person
or the person who owns the property you're photographing). It is the written
form of their permission allowing you to publish their image on your website,
blog, and marketing materials. A model release is a formal, dated and signed
document that determines the conditions for granting an individual's image for
commercial use. We advise that photographers use an industry standard model
release form to capture all necessary rights.
OFCOM: Ofcom
has wide-ranging powers across the television, radio, telecoms and postal
sectors. It has a statutory duty to represent the interests of citizens and consumers
by promoting competition and protecting the public from harmful or offensive
material.
BBFC: The
British Board of Film Classification (BBFC), previously the British Board of
Film Censors, is a non-governmental organization, founded by the film industry
in 1912 and responsible for the national classification and censorship of films
exhibited at cinemas and video works (such as television programmes, trailers,
adverts, public Information/campaigning films, menus, bonus content etc.)
released on physical media within the United Kingdom. It has a statutory
requirement to classify videos, DVDs and, to a lesser extent, some video games
under the Video Recordings Act 1984.
BECTU: BECTU is the trade union supporting UK staff
and freelancers working in the media and entertainment sectors. We play an
important role in representing and promoting the best interests of the
industry's workforce – in broadcasting, film, independent production, theatre,
the arts, digital media and allied areas.
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